If you can get over the ewwww factor, pee-cycling your own urine into the garden makes good sense. Fresh urine is high in nitrogen, moderate in phosphorus and low in potassium and can act as an excellent high-nitrogen liquid fertilizer or as a compost accelerator.
Components of Urine
The exact breakdown of urine varies depending on the diet of the pee-maker. The more protein a person consumes, the more nitrogen will be excreted into the urine. Typical Western Diet pee has an NPK ratio of about 11-1-2. In comparison, blood meal is 12-2-1 and cottonseed meal is 7-2-2.
Urine also contains salt – sometimes quite a lot of it if you are hopped up on a diet of canned soup and french fries. Because of both the salt and high nitrogen levels, urine should generally be diluted 10:1 before use on garden crops. Greater dilution – 20:1 or more – is appropriate for more tender plants, seedlings and potted plants which are more susceptible to salt build up.
Keep in mind that areas with a lot of rain (Seattle!) tend to leach salts out of the soil, so salt build up is something gardeners in arid climates should be more concerned about.
Fresh pee can have a pH anywhere from 5 to 9 depending on a person’s diet, but it tends to move toward neutral as it ages and breaks down when applied outside. I would not personally worry too much about the variable pH of urine for garden use.
Safety Issues
In a healthy person, urine is sterile. In someone with decent hygiene and wiping technique, it should more-or-less stay that way as it leaves the body. Cross contamination with fecal matter (health risk!) can be a concern, so perfect your front-to-back TP technique if you are going to pee-cycle.
If you are on medication, don’t fertilize with your pee. If you have a UTI or other infection or – well, let’s just say anything funky going on in or around your pee-hole – your urine is not fit for garden use.
Grossness Issues
Assuming the safety issues are satisfactorily addressed, then the grossness issue is cultural programing and you should think about if it’s programming you want to keep in your brain. Most gardeners, after all, are pleased as punch to get ahold of a big load of cow poop for their garden, and that fertilizer has a far greater chance of spreading harmful pathogens than pee.
Here’s a few other things to think about:
“Urine accounts for only 1% of the total volume of wastewater, but it contains up to 80% of all the nutrients.”
–Science Daily
A typical toilet flusher wastes “up to 22 liters of drinkable water every day, one three- to six-liter flush at a time. What follows…is the long and costly process of sanitizing the water that was clean before you answered nature’s call. Using so much water per flush unnecessarily increases the volume of our waste and the cost of its transportation and treatment, ecologists say….The process also leaves a huge carbon footprint.”
–Time Magazine
Basically, the environmental and financial cost to piss in a bunch of drinking-quality water and then process it back into drinking water is huge. Separating urine from solid waste – through direct pee-cycling or urine-separating toilets – could go a long way to offset this cost by reducing the burden on wastewater treatment programs.
If the tree-hugger eco stuff doesn’t move you to action, consider the cost of a bag of blood meal. Now consider the cost of your pee. You will never find a more easy-to-acquire, cheaper source of fast acting nitrogen.
Basic courtesy is to not apply urine to those parts of the plant that will be consumed (i.e., as a foliar feed for spinach). Even so, if pee-cycled fertilizer on food crops just grosses you out, consider using this resource on fruit trees, perennials, and ornamental plantings, including your nitrogen-lovin’ lawn, instead.
5 Ways To Use Pee In The Garden
Okay, I’ve convinced you! You are ready to drop trou’ and add your liquid gold deposit to your garden. But how do you pee in the garden in the most effective way (and without getting arrested for indecent exposure in the process!)?
1. Compost Accelerator
Is your compost pile cold? A little long on carbon and low on nitrogen? Pee, poured or – ahem – directly deposited – on the pile can start to speed things up and add moisture. If you are nervous about using urine directly on your plants, incorporating urine into a compost pile is the way to go.
2. Dilution is The Solution
Dilute fresh urine at a 4:1 ratio and apply to the root-zone of corn every two weeks or as needed. (Some people say corn, being a grass, can handle fertilization with straight urine. Proceed with caution.)
Dilute fresh urine at a 10:1 ratio and apply to the root-zone of fruiting plants like tomatoes, peppers and eggplant, or to leafy crops like cabbage, broccoli, spinach and lettuce every two weeks or as needed.
Dilute fresh urine at a 20:1 ratio and water in to the root zone of seedlings and new transplants.
3. The Straw Bale Sprinkle
When Straw Bales are used for gardening, they must be “conditioned” or partially broken down / composted before use. This is accomplished with the addition of a very high nitrogen fertilizer. Guess which free, Bud Lite-hued high-nitrogen fertilizer I’d recommend?
4. Deep Mulch Direct Application
If you thickly mulch your woody perennials, cane fruit and fruit trees with a high-carbon material like leaves or woodchips, you can apply your urine straight onto the mulch, which will absorb and moderate the straight shot of nitrogen in your pee.
5. That Asparagus Smell!
If asparagus makes your pee smell funny, take revenge and pee on your asparagus! Nutrient hungry, deep rooted, perennial and salt-tolerant, asparagus might be the ideal crop to fertilize with pee. If you grow your asparagus under a thick layer of carbonaceous mulch, like straw or wood chips, use the Direct Mulch Direct Application technique, otherwise dilute 2:1 if your asparagus is in the sandy soil it prefers, or 4:1 in heavier soil. Apply throughout the growing season, along with a good source of potassium, like bone meal, in the early spring.
Pee-cycling Sexism
So Adam and Eve are standing in the Garden of Eden right after the Creation and God is handing out the last of the talents, qualities and features he has for each of them. He reaches into his bag and pulls out a slip of paper.
“Ability to Pee Standing Up,” booms God. “Okay, who wants this one?”
“Oh, pick me!” yells Adam, “Pick me! Peeing while standing up sounds like such a very male thing to do, God. I really think that one has to go to me. Sorry Eve, but I really think I need this one.”
God looks at Eve, who just shrugs. “Sure, if it’s that important to him, give Adam the peeing thing. I don’t really care.”
God hands Adam the slip of paper and says, “Forevermore, Adam, by your choice shall men be endowed with the ability to pee whilst standing.”
Adam grins and God reaches to the very bottom of his bag. “Just one more, and I guess since Adam got Peeing While Standing Up, this last one goes to you, eh, Eve? Let’s see…”
God unfolds his final slip of paper. “Okay, here you go Eve: Multiple Orgasms is all yours.”
{ba-dum-bum}
It is a fact of life that men are better equipped to pee all over things. If you are a male gardener, combine your skills and start marking your veg territory with pride. The Deep Mulch Direct Application method will be simplest if you want to water directly from the hose, so to speak.
Ladies, I highly recommend you use Adam’s gift to all men to your advantage, too. Got a husband? Boyfriend? Better yet, a son or two? Give them carte blanche permission to pee on the compost pile. Direct that natural ability (and, dare I say, inclination) for outdoor pee marksmanship towards something good for your garden.
But don’t let the guys have all the fun. You’ll notice that most of the techniques for applying urine as a fertilizer call for dilution anyway, which means a watering can or container is going to be involved. Most women with regular access to lady-specific medical care have had plenty of practice peeing in cups – put that experience to use, for the good of your garden.
Do you already pee on the compost, or does the very idea of pee-cycling leave you pissed!?
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Great post. Thank you. Nice picture too…
Is it bonus points if you drink a bunch of coffee first?
LOL. Sounds like a post! Combine urine from drinking coffee with coffee grounds….
Filtering pee through a small pile of coffee grounds effectively reduces the odor.
I use a mix of coffee grounds, wee (I’m Australian, we don’t pee, we wee) and water. I diluted this right down and put it on my new basil plants a couple of days ago and they have gone dark green, doubled in height and look so very very happy. I have a big veggie garden and drink a pot of coffee a day- so I rotate around the garden every morning, means that everything gets a good dose every ten days or so. My garden is very very happy and healthy!!
Hi, I am very excited about using pee for my garden, I want to rush home and get started
My dogs pee in the garden all the time. Does that help?
KL – I notice that when dogs pee, they often pee in the same spot and it kills the grass ( It is probably related to that dilution thing that Erica is talking about.) … I would make sure that they use different parts of the garden (or train it to pee in the compost pile).
Yep, I’ve got a burned “ring around the rhodie” because my dog loves to go in that same place all of the time.
Female dog urine ruins lawn while male dogs don’t. A grounds keeper told me that once when my male dog peed on the lawn/shrub. Truth to that I don’t know.
The male pee is just as bad. My neighbor’s dog proved that all over our lawn.
I’ve noticed with dog pee on grass, it matters if males are neutered. Before neutering, everywhere my male dog peed ended up with tall, lush, green grass. After neutering…dead, brown grass…maybe a hormone thing? My female’s pee killed grass before and after spaying. No idea if it’s something that always makes a difference or not, just my experience.
When a dog squats (yes, sometimes males also squat) the pee is concentrated in one spot so it burns the lawn.
When a dog lifts his leg, the urine moves a bit and is spread out, so it is not so concentrated.
This is at least one reason why females burn the lawn more than males.
Dogs pee burn the grass cause their diet is very rich in protein, therefore their pee has a lot of nitrogen. You can either change the dog’s diet to another less proteic or you can follow your dog everytime it pees with a garden hose and pour lots of water on the crimee scene. First option is probably better also cause it probably aliviate the dogs kidneys
I first read about it in an edition of Earth Garden, the Australian alternative lifestyle magazine (started in 1972: http://www.earthgarden.com.au/index.html). Somewhere else I read that you can keep a square metre of vegetable garden fertilised all year with one person’s urine. In any case, I’ve been recycling my urine for a few years now and believe it really works. Also good for compensating for nitrogen depletion caused by using ‘fresh’ mulching plant materials such as chipped branches. Unfortunately it doesn’t do much to keep away 4-legged pests.
And just this week I have reinstalled my 5 litre plastic bucket with lid (ex-baby nappy bucket) next to the toilet. The season has reopened!
I never never peed in our compost but this is actually useful information. good to know. My 8 yr old will be glad to pee anywhere I tell him too! lol
I pee in a 1/2 gallon milk jug that I keep in the garage. When it’s full, I add it to one of my compost bins. Easy.
Guldkannan Towa is equal parts chamber pot and watering can… easier for women…. http://www.fastcodesign.com/1663056/almost-genius-a-watering-can-that-uses-your-
That is exactly what I’ve been doing for a while. Plastic gallon with a screw on top in my garage.
When full I empty it on my backyard plants. From now on I will try the compost.
Piss on it ! Another great article. Are you going to do one on “night soil” ?
I love this post! Thanks. I have only used urine around raised beds and fruit trees to discourage predators–it has worked fairly well, though not perfectly. I can’t wait to start fertilizing with urine, and I’m guessing my two young gardening sons will be thrilled about it, too.
Whoops! I meant to write we use our own predator pee so to speak to discourage critters from eating our precious veggies.
I’m not usually one to plug products, but this one has been a game changer for me, and given the post today, I thought it was appropriate. For those of us without the hose for easy direct application, I would recommend this-
http://www.thepstyle.com/
Also great for camping, road trips, and nasty porta potties/public bathrooms. It takes a little getting used to at first, but you can practice in the shower first so you don’t end up peeing in your boots.
My mother always got my father to pee on the lemon tree when it was looking a bit worse for wear. He used to pee along the drip line and the tree would perk right up.
Great post. My lawn, or what passes for it, bears witness to the power of well-placed liquid fertilizer. You can see the tell-tale dark-green spots where Nature’s call has been answered. But I keep forgetting to save the indoors production for use in the garden. Thanks for the timely reminder.
Here is one more reason: recycle the minerals from your garden/food/supplements.
Okay, I was getting all excited to start peeing in the garden, and then I got to the part about medications. I’m on various types (birth control, allergy medicines, antidepressants). I promise not to pee directly on my plants…but just to confirm, I should avoid the compost pile, too?
Well it’s a judgement call. I would definitely avoid pee-cycling while on antibiotics because of the risk to the microbial soil life. The things you mention – allergy meds, BC, AD – I can’t specifically speak to what the risk would be. Honestly, its probably low, but if I were in your situation, I would research how completely the specific meds are metabolized and go from there. If you aren’t sure, it will always be safer to “feed” your pee to a compost pile and get that intermediate breakdown step, than to water plants directly with it.
Thanks! Just in case, I texted my fiance to let him know I need him to start peeing in the garden (he’s not on any meds). Not sure how thrilled he is with this new task as I haven’t yet gotten a reply. It’s strange because he’s usually quite prompt.
That’s funny and he is not on any meds. He probably thinks you should be. LOL But it all makes sense to me.
I just asked Joel Karsten (straw bale gardening) about this yesterday! I asked about using urine for conditioning straw bales. His response:
“Yes, it does work. Urine is actually quite sterile, and is full of protein. Protein decomposes into ammonia and nitrogen, so is a good source. As too how much, I think if you put on a couple quarts every other day it would take all of that nitrogen easily. You might want to even supplement with a little bit of additional nitrogen like feather meal in addition. The feather meal will break down more slowly and thus provide nutrients for a longer time as the season begins and you plant.”
Great post. So happy to be able to close the loop!
Urine from a healthy individual should NOT have protein in it. Does contain nitrogenous waste products though.
There’s a mason jar in our bathroom during the summer time. That’s all I’m saying.
Thanks for this post – it is awesome!
I can see it now: folks all across the PNW dropping trou in their gardens.
Permission requested to briefly suspend Wheaton’s Law here – but now we can repurpose that dusty old hose end sprayer in the garden shed (you know, that Miracle-Grow thingie?) into a giant working example of the schoolboy rhyme: “Mary, Mary, quite contrary, how does your garden grow? I pee on it!” OK, Wheaton’s back on. Perfectly good fertilizer for ornamentals, especially roses, urine has been listed in several homemade fertilizer recipes, too.
Nothing about that great comment violated Wheaton’s Law! 🙂
I love this post…
When we visited the Bollock Homestead on Orcas Island last summer, the instructions were, “Outhouses are only for #2; for #1, find a nice tree or bush and sprinkle freely.”
Unfortunately at our house, both adults are on BP meds. However, both grandsons love peeing on the compost pile.
We collect our cat urine in a Smart Cat Box (designed in Oregon), dilute it and pour it on the compost pile. These are indoor, unvaccinated, unmedicated healthy cats. Much better than dealing with the usual litter box sand and a nitrogen source to boot. So far so good.
Smallholders in the British Isles, pre-industrialization, saved their urine to scour sheep’s fleeces. It was saved all year in a large vat, and it was highly effective in removing lanolin from fleece, so the wool could be carded & spun. Urine was a highly prized commodity in a village’s life.
I have insomnia and foster dogs and live on a farm-and a husband that sleeps lightly. My dogs bark when I go to the bathroom at 1am-so I pee outside alot. Now, I know where to pee productively-thank you!
Having once upon a time many years ago lived in New York City, and therefore having rather vivid smell-memories of how rank certain areas of the subways and alleyways could get, I have to ask: is there a smell issue? Or do the outdoors/plenty of air and light/lots of other organic material factors make taht concern irrelevant?
I LOVE the idea – just wondering about this one small (or not so small) question…
Fresh pee doesn’t really smell at all – pee in a bucket and leave it overnight and it will start to smell as it changes from nitrogen to ammonia. In the garden, especially diluted or spread round a bit, you don’t smell it.
This is by far the most entertaining thing I have read in a long time. And yet- still educational. I’m so glad I discovered this blog. 🙂
I was wondering why the grass was greener in patches where my dog was peeing…
My husband asks me at least once a day which garden bed he should pee in. I’ve been sending him to the wheat cover cropped bed, and it looks lovely- lush and green!
Hubby and I did the pee thing one summer. We sometimes peed directly into the garden, but often in a gallon plastic jug (with a lid on it to contain smell) in the bathroom. I’d have to pee into a measuring cup, then transfer to the jar. It was a pain in the ass, plus I was always concerned with the dribbles. Our bathroom was carpeted. The smell when you opened the jar was intense (-ly bad). Our new home has vinyl flooring—yippee—so I imagine I’ll start the pee collecting again soon.
i read about this a while ago, and my husband periodically fills a milk jug for my compost bin now. =)
This is hilarious. My family and I were just talking about this very topic, as we build our own compost. My husband was particularly taken with the idea. The compost is quite visible from the street, however, so I might encourage him to do his ‘watering’ at night. 🙂
Thanks for the great post. I really enjoy your blog!
I know that it has its benefits. But I just can’t think of a better thing NOT to do! I find it really really apalling. I guess I would rather stick with what I am doing now. Fertilizing like I do now by buying my fertilizer. I don’t need to know the details of what is even in my organic fertilzer, I just have to pay the clerk! haha I want to make sure its understood here, I do believe in recycling, just not my pee. Personally. na ah. Couldn’t do it. Just…can’t…do…it. But thanks for the article. I know of many people that would do this, so I will be sure to pass it along. 🙂
Never knew! Given all the specs and health issues, guess would be ok. Shame I am on lots of meds. Thanks for info.
That is a problem for me also. Hubby & I both on many meds and are empty nesters. 🙁
Almost 50% of water used in the US is used for landscaping and the amount used to frack oil & gas is alarming…so it’s kinda sad that you’d rather use more water to flush, pay more on your water bill, spend money on something you don’t need instead of say, buying a meal for someone who can’t just because you don’t want to get a couple of drops on your fingers which you could step one foot away and splash rinse under the faucet…if you pee 2x’s per day, that’s 60+ gals/mo water saved. Jus sayin
Oh dear, how shrill.
All excellent points, and not shrill at all! Thank you!
Loosen up. Hell, I drink a little mine from time to time. Very good for you, they say. And the taste tells you whether you’re eating right.
I read this to my hubby….he wasn’t exactly happy about my request but being he doesn’t type and needs lots of things done on the computer for his many interests he will oblige so as not to have to do the typing or computer thing himself. I want to save money on getting some compost starter etc and I can’t think of a better way of doing this for free. He is the gardener but I am the one in charge of the compost so his gardens look healthy, beautiful and inviting with lots of things to eat. I take care of the roses though so I am looking forward to getting some things going with them too. We had a dog for many years and a yucca plant in the middle of our front yard….since the dog has gone over the rainbow bridge and isn’t peeing on my yucca anymore I am not getting as many tall stalks with flowers as before.
ROFL – love some of the comments! Using urine in the garden is nothing new to me. Jerry Baker had a bunch of different uses for it in his TV show and booklets – which I still have these many years later. I had all but forgotten about this in the past few years though, and I guess it’s time to start again! Thanks for the reminder 😉
There is one difficulty here, our compost bins are visible from the Quinninup pub. This difficulty has been overcome by waving at people looking from the pub while peeing in the compost. More seriously, I have found that the breakdown process is two way, that the urine is broken down without odour when put in via the compost heap
This made me laugh and made my day!! Thank you!
A conversation with a composting toilet advocate talked about pee separating toilets-and he said that milk weed flourishes with dilated urine and with flourishing milk weed you get lots and lots of butterflies. Can’t eat them but it would be so beautiful to have them around.
My great-grandfather had a milk jug full of pee next to his toilet. I was quite puzzled as to why he was saving it … he was a frugal guy (virtually independent on one acre) but saving pee was beyond me.
Now I save my babies’ pee. When they’re potty training and you’re emptying the little potty all day … why not just empty it into the watering can, fill up with water, and use it where you need it? Always perks yellowing plants up.
I need to research and think about this one.
Comfrey loves a direct application of urine. 2 years and ago when I was prepping the area for my orchard I had several compost piles going and my wife caught me peeing in one of the piles. My granddaughter who was 5 at the time and my assistant egg gatherer overheard the conversation, after that I started noticing little pieces of toilet paper on top of my compost piles. After several days of head scratching my son asked me why the hell Lexi will only pee in the garbage can. Turns out she would take the bathroom garbage can with the nights collection out with her every morning when she collected eggs and pour it on my compost pile.
Okay, Erica – This time you’ve inspired me into my own little confession. In answer to this post, I’ve written one of my own entitled “Time to confess my little nitrogen secret.” It can be found at the following location:
http://www.havenscourthomestead.com/2013/03/time-to-confess-my-little-nitrogen.html
Three words: Wood Stove Pellets!
This is brilliant, Kitty! My husband just replaced all the toilet seats in the house- I’ll just plunk one of the old ones onto the ubiquitous 5-gallon bucket, put a few wood stove pellets in there, and there ya go! We’ve also got cats, so you’ve solved that problem, too.
Well, I don’t normally discuss peeing on the Interwebs, but I also don’t normally see this type of discussion. Nicely done.
Okay, for the record, I’ve been doing this for awhile. Usually, I just walk outside and let ‘er rip in one of the planting boxes where I’m soil building. Of course, I live on 3 acres with nobody around (Virginia farm country)…
There, I said it.
I keep two allotments, so free fertiliser is always welcome. My nieces and nephews will always come up the plot with me, and they often bring their friends too. I often wonder what their parents must think when the kids go home and tell them they’ve been having a competition to see who can pee the most times in a red bucket and pour it over a compost heap! And though they range between 6 and 12, there is just something wildly exciting to kids about peeing outdoors!
Our shed and compost pile are adjacent, so my husband usually just steps inside the shed, fills a large cup with “recycled beer”, and walks it the few steps to the compost pile. Saves him a trip inside (up the back stairs, remove the boots, walk through the house, pee, then the same in reverse) and it helps the garden, too.
I’m thinking of putting our old camping porta-john in the shed for myself, but I need to check my meds first to make sure my pee is safe.
MEDS !!! OK here goes. I have a greenhouse facing the road (escitment for the drivers). I use aquaponics to grow vegtables and fish. The fish provide the fertilizer to grow the plants. Sometime the fish need a little help,(ammonia) so I give them the help. I am on BP and allergy meds and no dead fish yet. Some times it is a little hard to pee in a 3 foot tall fish tank..
OOh, I’d like to see that.
Here is another bit of info about pee in the garden. If you are having problems with squirrels digging up or destroying plants, get the first morning male pee (the strong smelling one) and pour it around the problem area. Seems to work like a dog marking territory…saved a bed of gerbera daisies that the critters had decided would be fun to rip up!
Living in the desert it is often difficult to keep the old compost pile active and cooking. A daily dose of “race water” is all it takes to keep it in full breakdown mode. I save mine starting in the evening and in the morning I add enough water to fill the 5-gallon bucket I mix it in and pour that on the compost pile. These daily additions and turnings keep my pile steaming even during the hot summer months and it certainly speeds up the process time.
If you do put it directly on the garden, make sure that you remember to wash everything before you eat it. Since I love to pop a fresh cherry tomato in my mouth or pull a tender carrot now and then as I’m working in my garden, I content my self with using this amendment in the composting process.
My young grandsons have no problem with climbing up on the compost pile and making their contributions. I don’t discourage them either. It all helps to teach them that in nature there is no such thing as waste. One organisms byproducts are the staff of life for another. Pretty good object lesson, too.
We use our harvested water for blending of the pee water if its toxin free watch the medication
we like to think a little clean ?
We are going to add a couple more barrels to harvest water this year as well building the frame now to put them on at least 24″ off the ground for better presure and flow and the bucket will fit under .
It was such a pain having to stop playing int dirt, aka working in the garden, to run up the back stairs into the house to pee and I groused about it enough that my most wonderful husband built me an out house, which we refer to as the euphemism, in the middle of the garden. We had an adult potty chair courtesy of heel surgery I had a few years ago. It now has a five gallon bucket under it. The bail makes it very easy to take the fertilizer to the hose and then to whatever lucky plant asks for it the loudest that day. We have built two hugels and they will have their nitrogen needs supplied very nicely. We have plans to make all our garden hugel-y; here in central TX we need all the water trapping help we can get. Hmmmm–sounds like we’ll need to have a few parties with lots of beer this summer…
There’s a great book on this topic: Liquid Gold: The Lore & Logic of Using Urine to Grow Plants. It’s the source, including of the term “pee-cycle.” Myself, I don’t bother diluting.
Thanks, Erica, for spreading the word 🙂 I tried a couple of hilarious ‘capture’ methods, and then a friend told me about Nesquick’s plastic, lidded, container for their chocolate drink powder (I made brownies to use it up). It is even yellow! and fits perfectly to catch the liquid gold, hands free if necessary 🙂 Covered and filled again til approaching the top, it then goes into the prefilled (2/3 – 3/4) watering can…which is then ready for distribution. I started with the small size, but find the larger better.. and I have two so have one in ‘deodorize’ mode with baking soda water 🙂
Oh, I forgot…. someone mentioned ‘night soil’… check out the conversion to black soldier fly larvae … great chicken and fish food.
My husband and son peed on our old lemon tree all the time. The poor tree was so riddled with gall wasps that when I pruned it I had to cut out 3/4 of the tree if not more. Even with all the gall wasps the tree was prolific and I attribute that entirely to pee. 🙂
My son loves to “water” things and we have a new compost garden bed inside our greenhouse. He’s going to love peeing in there. Daughter too I’m sure (4.5 and 3 respectively).
Wow! I’m going to use it on my tomato seedlings for a start and then the vegetable plot. thank you so much for sharing such valuable info. I love your blog and I think they should make you the Minster of Agriculture, you rock. 🙂